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April 2011 Sunshine Analysis – Olympic Rain Shadow vs. Downtown Seattle

Our seventh monthly study examines the month of April, 2011 and sunshine data from three different weather stations, one located in Sequim, one in Port Angeles, and one in Seattle. April in the pacific northwest is typically a solid spring month with increasing numbers of sunny warm days, interspersed with occasional cool stormy periods. This April was exceptionally cool and stormy, in fact Seattle recorded the coldest average high temperature every recorded for a month of April. This month Port Angeles lead the way in sunny days, with 13 mostly sunny days which compared very favorably to Seattle's 4 sunny days. Sequim was very close with 12 sunny days.  

Study Highlights:

• Sequim was 1.20 times as bright as Seattle; Port Angeles was 1.19 times as bright as Seattle.

• Sequim saw an average of 2.34 hours of bright sun per day, compared to 2.37 hours/day in Port Angeles, and 1.56 hours/day in Seattle.

• While this was a cold and stormy spring month, Seattle's weather improved vis-a-vis March, and the differences in solar radiation started to narrow.

While this is not a rigorous scientific study, and the sites for the weather stations are not identical in terms of exposure, we feel the results of this study are still valid and very interesting. For more information about the weather stations and the methodology of the study, see the appendix located at the end of this report.

Detailed Study Findings

The Sequim site recorded 9 mostly sunny days, to Seattle's 3 mostly sunny days. Seattle had 5 dreary days, compared to 4 in Sequim, and only 1 in Port Angeles.

On average for the month, the Sequim site had 2.34 hours of clear sunny skies per day, where as Port Angeles had 2.37 hours, and Seattle had 1.56 hours. In terms of pure solar radiation, the Sequim site for the month recorded 1.20 times as much overall solar radiation as Seattle, but virtually the same as Port Angeles.

• During and exceptionally cold and stormy spring month,  rain shadow areas recorded significantly more light than the urban Seattle area.

• Port Angeles for the first time was very close to Sequim in terms of total sunlight, and tied Sequim in terms of sunny days.

• If you are feeling you are living in a dreary neighborhood in the eastern Puget Sound or Cascade foothills, take a road trip to the Olympic rain shadow, and you will likely see *a lot* more light during the darker months and stormy periods.
  

Study Methodology

This study was conducted by examining incident solar radiation. Solar radiation is measured in watts per square meter. This measurement is directly related to illuminance, a measure of how much light falls on a given area.

We used data from three different weather stations.

The first station, the Sequim station, is located on the roof of a single story home on Jamestown Beach Rd, in Sequim, directly on the shores of the Strait of Juan de Fuca. This location may be very close to the epicenter of the Olympic Rain Shadow. As with many locations on the Dungeness plain in Sequim, this one is not shaded by tall trees, nor does it have any hills affecting its exposure. When the sun rises in the morning, it clears the horizon almost immediately as the areas to the south and east are open water. When the sun sets in the evening, it sets to the west, over the Dungeness plain, so stays above the horizon for quite some time. The Sequim location uses a Davis Instruments Vantage Pro 2 with optional solar sensor. This station measures solar radiation every 2 minutes and records the average over 10 minutes.

The second station is in downtown Port Angeles, at Lincoln High School. The school's Davis Instruments Vantage Pro2 Plus sensors are mounted on the rooftop of the high school,  about a mile southwest of ferry dock to Victoria B.C. at an elevation of about 200 feet. There is excellent exposure clockwise from northeast to southwest and good exposure for the other directions. The sensors record solar radiation every five minutes. Special thanks to Peter Alexander, his math classes, and Lincoln High School for the data and support..

The third station is atop the Atmospheric Sciences Department building of the University of Washington, in the University District of Seattle. This seven story building is not in the classical Olympic Rain Shadow area, but is still slightly shadowed by the Olympics. Given that the sensor is located atop a tall building, this location has ideal exposure and receives maximum solar radiation. This station records solar radiation every minute. Data was retrieved by downloading public information from the University of Washington’s Department of Atmospheric Sciences website.

For purposes of this study, skies were defined as follows:

“Clear Sunny” sensors record at least 60% of the maximum radiation possible for that day of that year
“Bright” sensors record between 20% and 60% of the maximum radiation for that day of that year
“Gray” sensors record between 50 w/m^2 and 20% of the maximum radiation for that day of that year
“Dark Gray” sensors record between 1 and 49 w/m^2

Days were categorized as follows:

"Mostly Sunny Day" over ½ the day had at least “bright” skies, with at least 22% of daylight hours “clear sunny”.
"Partly Sunny Day" over ½ the day had at least “bright” skies, but less than 22% of daylight hours “clear sunny”.
"Overcast Day" over ½ the day had gray or dark gray skies, but at least 22% of daylight hours “gray”.
"Dreary Day" daylight hours predominately dark gray, with less then 22% of daylight hours “gray”.

Data was aggregated, analyzed, and graphed using Microsoft Excel.